Infiltrados Pulmonares con Neumotórax espontáneo: un desafío diagnóstico durante la pandemia de Covid 19 / Pulmonary infiltrates with spontaneous pneumothorax: a diagnostic challenge during the Covid 19 pandemic

Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 60 años de edad, tabaquista de 135 paquetes/año con síntomas respiratorios agudos e infiltrados pulmonares bilaterales, en contexto de pandemia y cuyo diagnostico definitivo fue adenocarcinoma de pulmón, presentando durante su evolución neumotórax espontaneo. Arribar al diagnóstico definitivo puede llegar a ser un gran desafío por la similitud en la presentación radiológica como en los síntomas respiratorios atribuibles a COVID-19 y la dificultad para llevar a cabo los procedimientos diagnósticos. La sospecha de una neoplasia de pulmón, cuando se acompaña de un neumotórax debe incluirse dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales, aunque se trate de una entidad poco frecuente.

We present the case of a 60-year-old male, a 135-pack/year smoker with acute respiratory symptoms and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, in the context of a pandemic and whose definitive diagnosis was lung adenocarcinoma, presenting during his evolution spontaneous pneumothorax. Arriving at the definitive diagnosis can become a great challenge due to the similarity in the radiological presentation and in the respiratory symptoms attributable to COVID-19 and the difficulty in carrying out the diagnostic procedures. The suspicion of a lung neoplasm, when accompanied by a pneumothorax, should be included in the differential diagnoses, although it is a rare entity.

Factors relating to insomnia during the menopausal transition as evaluated by the Insomnia Severity Index.

BACKGROUND: Although the menopause associates to poor sleep quality, insomnia severity data in the menopausal transition is scarce or lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess insomnia prevalence, severity and related factors in mid-aged women. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study 340 women (40 to 59 years) completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and a general questionnaire containing personal/partner data. Hot flush presence and intensity was also assessed with the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). RESULTS: Median age of the sample was 48.0 years, with 63.5% having lower education and 52.9% being postmenopausal. At the moment of the survey 7.1% were on hormone therapy, 8.2% on phytoestrogens and 2.1% on psychotropic drugs. A 63.8% were abdominally obese (waist circumference > 88 cm) and 65.5% sedentary. According to item 1 of the MRS, 60.9% presented hot flushes, graded in 17.4% as severe-very severe. Regarding the partner (n=255), erectile dysfunction was present in 23.9%, premature ejaculation 37.6%, 35.3% abused alcohol and 42.4% were faithful. The ISI tool displayed a high internal consistency (alpha Cronbach coefficient=0.87), identifying 41.5% of women with some degree of insomnia (Total ISI score ≥8) further categorized as sub-threshold or mild (32.0%), moderate (7.4%) and severe (2.1%). Multiple linear regression analysis obtained two best fit models predicting total ISI scores, one not including and one including partner data. In the first model, hot flush severity, psychotropic use and sedentarism displayed significant positive correlations with total ISI scores. In the second, hot flush intensity, psychotropic drug use and male erectile dysfunction positively correlated whereas partner faithfulness inversely with ISI scores. CONCLUSION: In this mid-aged series insomnia severity was related to female and partner factors; several of which are susceptible of intervention.